Theorem on equalization of input prices - Megarefs.org.ua
If you change the price of labor-intensive goods, then the change in the price of labor in trudonasycheniy country? And similarly, if you change the price of capital, the country that has excess capital? On this question the answer given by Paul Semyuelson. In 1948 he added Heckscher-Ohlin theorem. All assumptions that we considered in Theorem Heckscher-Ohlin model, valid for the Heckscher-Ohlin theorem-Semyuelsona.
We have two countries that produce two goods. Country 1 has a relative abundance tankaner of labor, and Country 2 - relative abundance of capital. Therefore the price of labor in country 1 is lower than in country 2, and the price of capital in country 2 is lower than the price of capital Cain 1 From what country 1 has a surplus of labor, it is profitable to specialize in the production of labor-intensive goods (let it be first good). If Country 2 has a relative abundance of capital, then it is advantageous to specialize in the production of the second product (capital intensive). When Country 1 begins to increase production of the first commodity, increases the relative demand for labor, because this product is more difficult, tankaner and decreases the relative demand for capital. That is, country 1 has been an increase in wages and reduced tankaner cost of capital (interest rate). When country 2 increases the production of the second (capital-intensive) goods, tankaner in this country increases tankaner the demand for capital, and as the number of its limited, increasing the price of this factor of production. At the same time reduced the demand for labor and wages.
Prior MT relative price of labor in country 1 equal to OG, and the second country - OI. Country 1 has a relative abundance of labor, as the price of her country 1 is lower than in country 2 relative price of goods in the first one before the MT is OF, in the other country relative price of the first product is OD. Thus, country 1 has an advantage in producing the first product (since the relative price is lower) and the country second tankaner production of the second product. Economic equilibrium in country 1 before the MT shows point A, and the balance of the second country - point B.
After the start of MT as Country 1 specializes tankaner in the production of the first (time-consuming) goods relative demand for labor in this country is increasing, leading to an increase in the relative tankaner price of labor. The growth of the relative price of labor leads to an increase in the relative tankaner price of the first product (movement toward MA). Equilibrium from point A begins to move toward point C, and the change in the level of wages OH.
If Country 2 specializes in the production of the second product (capital intensive), the relative demand for capital tankaner in the country increases and decreases relative demand for labor; relative price of capital increases that we have increased the ratio r 2 / w 2, and decreases the ratio w 2 / r 2. The price of labor will change from level to level OI OH. According increase the relative price of the second product (at the same time decrease the relative price of the first commodity) from level to level OD OE.
So, as a result of MT points A and B will converge until they reach the point C. This is the point at which the relative prices of factors in both countries are the same. Thus, we can conclude that the resulting MT achievement relative prices of goods leads to equalization of prices of inputs.
It would seem that, based on our assumptions, under these conditions no incentive to engage in MT on. But given the reality, the complete convergence of input prices can not be due to a variety of customs, social, and other government subsidized programs, unlike technologies in different countries. Also, if the movement of factors of production between countries exist (we assumed that it is missing), then the problem is removed completely - cheaper factor in one country is exported to another country, where it is more expensive. tankaner Movement of goods is replaced by movement of factors of production. Leontief paradox.
Leontiev decided to test empirically Heckscher-Ohlin theorem on the example of the United States, which after World War 2 went cheap labor and capital (and hence by Theorem it should export capital-intensive goods and import labor-intensive).
1) He calculated how much capital and labor required for the production of export goods worth 1 million. USD, as well as needed capital and labor to produce goods for $ 1 million. USD, competing with imported goods.
3) Using the structure of exports the United States for 19 years he calculated tankaner the ratio of cost of capital and labor are needed to produce export tankaner goods worth 1 million. USD, and a similar ratio required for the production tankaner of American goods by 1 million. USD, which could compete of imported goods.
Country kapitalonasychenoyu considered, if the ratio of cost of capital and labor for the production of imported goods divided by the ratio of cost of capital and labor for the production of export goods is less than unity:
Country trudonasychenoyu considered, if the ratio of cost of capital and labor for the production of imported goods divided by the ratio of cost of capital and
If you change the price of labor-intensive goods, then the change in the price of labor in trudonasycheniy country? And similarly, if you change the price of capital, the country that has excess capital? On this question the answer given by Paul Semyuelson. In 1948 he added Heckscher-Ohlin theorem. All assumptions that we considered in Theorem Heckscher-Ohlin model, valid for the Heckscher-Ohlin theorem-Semyuelsona.
We have two countries that produce two goods. Country 1 has a relative abundance tankaner of labor, and Country 2 - relative abundance of capital. Therefore the price of labor in country 1 is lower than in country 2, and the price of capital in country 2 is lower than the price of capital Cain 1 From what country 1 has a surplus of labor, it is profitable to specialize in the production of labor-intensive goods (let it be first good). If Country 2 has a relative abundance of capital, then it is advantageous to specialize in the production of the second product (capital intensive). When Country 1 begins to increase production of the first commodity, increases the relative demand for labor, because this product is more difficult, tankaner and decreases the relative demand for capital. That is, country 1 has been an increase in wages and reduced tankaner cost of capital (interest rate). When country 2 increases the production of the second (capital-intensive) goods, tankaner in this country increases tankaner the demand for capital, and as the number of its limited, increasing the price of this factor of production. At the same time reduced the demand for labor and wages.
Prior MT relative price of labor in country 1 equal to OG, and the second country - OI. Country 1 has a relative abundance of labor, as the price of her country 1 is lower than in country 2 relative price of goods in the first one before the MT is OF, in the other country relative price of the first product is OD. Thus, country 1 has an advantage in producing the first product (since the relative price is lower) and the country second tankaner production of the second product. Economic equilibrium in country 1 before the MT shows point A, and the balance of the second country - point B.
After the start of MT as Country 1 specializes tankaner in the production of the first (time-consuming) goods relative demand for labor in this country is increasing, leading to an increase in the relative tankaner price of labor. The growth of the relative price of labor leads to an increase in the relative tankaner price of the first product (movement toward MA). Equilibrium from point A begins to move toward point C, and the change in the level of wages OH.
If Country 2 specializes in the production of the second product (capital intensive), the relative demand for capital tankaner in the country increases and decreases relative demand for labor; relative price of capital increases that we have increased the ratio r 2 / w 2, and decreases the ratio w 2 / r 2. The price of labor will change from level to level OI OH. According increase the relative price of the second product (at the same time decrease the relative price of the first commodity) from level to level OD OE.
So, as a result of MT points A and B will converge until they reach the point C. This is the point at which the relative prices of factors in both countries are the same. Thus, we can conclude that the resulting MT achievement relative prices of goods leads to equalization of prices of inputs.
It would seem that, based on our assumptions, under these conditions no incentive to engage in MT on. But given the reality, the complete convergence of input prices can not be due to a variety of customs, social, and other government subsidized programs, unlike technologies in different countries. Also, if the movement of factors of production between countries exist (we assumed that it is missing), then the problem is removed completely - cheaper factor in one country is exported to another country, where it is more expensive. tankaner Movement of goods is replaced by movement of factors of production. Leontief paradox.
Leontiev decided to test empirically Heckscher-Ohlin theorem on the example of the United States, which after World War 2 went cheap labor and capital (and hence by Theorem it should export capital-intensive goods and import labor-intensive).
1) He calculated how much capital and labor required for the production of export goods worth 1 million. USD, as well as needed capital and labor to produce goods for $ 1 million. USD, competing with imported goods.
3) Using the structure of exports the United States for 19 years he calculated tankaner the ratio of cost of capital and labor are needed to produce export tankaner goods worth 1 million. USD, and a similar ratio required for the production tankaner of American goods by 1 million. USD, which could compete of imported goods.
Country kapitalonasychenoyu considered, if the ratio of cost of capital and labor for the production of imported goods divided by the ratio of cost of capital and labor for the production of export goods is less than unity:
Country trudonasychenoyu considered, if the ratio of cost of capital and labor for the production of imported goods divided by the ratio of cost of capital and
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